{"id":1671,"date":"2024-11-01T17:10:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T09:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bosaenergy.cn\/?p=1671"},"modified":"2025-12-24T17:12:34","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T09:12:34","slug":"methodes-dequilibrage-des-batteries-et-leurs-avantages-et-inconvenients","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bosaenergy.cn\/fr\/battery-balancing-methods-and-their-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9thodes d'\u00e9quilibrage des batteries\u00a0: avantages et inconv\u00e9nients"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pourquoi avons-nous besoin d'\u00e9quilibrer ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En raison des diff\u00e9rences de proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de fabrication et de mat\u00e9riaux utilis\u00e9s pour les batteries, ainsi que des variations de temp\u00e9rature, d'humidit\u00e9 et d'autres facteurs environnementaux lors de leur utilisation, l'\u00e9tat de charge (SOC) des cellules individuelles au sein du pack de batteries varie. Cette diff\u00e9rence de SOC se traduit naturellement par des tensions diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si l'\u00e9tat de charge (SOC) d'une batterie du pack est sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui des autres cellules, cette batterie sera charg\u00e9e en premier lors du processus de charge, ce qui interrompra la charge des autres cellules avant qu'elles n'atteignent leur capacit\u00e9 nominale\u00a0; de m\u00eame, si l'\u00e9tat de charge (SOC) d'une batterie est inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui des autres cellules, elle atteindra en premier la tension de coupure de d\u00e9charge lors du processus de d\u00e9charge, ce qui entra\u00eenera une capacit\u00e9 r\u00e9siduelle des autres cellules qui ne pourra pas \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9e\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous pouvons donc conclure que les batteries sont diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. D\u00e9finition et importance de l'\u00e9quilibrage des batteries<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9finition : L'\u00e9quilibrage des batteries d\u00e9signe l'utilisation de technologies et de m\u00e9thodes sp\u00e9cifiques pour que chaque cellule de la batterie atteigne un \u00e9tat relativement constant en termes de tension, de capacit\u00e9 et d'\u00e9tat, am\u00e9liorant ainsi les performances et la dur\u00e9e de vie de l'ensemble de la batterie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Importance : Am\u00e9lioration des performances du pack de batteries : Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibrage, la d\u00e9gradation des performances de l'ensemble du pack de batteries caus\u00e9e par la d\u00e9gradation des performances de chaque batterie peut \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prolongez la dur\u00e9e de vie de la batterie\u00a0: l\u2019\u00e9quilibrage permet de r\u00e9duire les diff\u00e9rences de tension et de capacit\u00e9 entre les cellules de la batterie, de r\u00e9duire la r\u00e9sistance interne de la batterie et ainsi de prolonger sa dur\u00e9e de vie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Am\u00e9lioration de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9\u00a0: l\u2019\u00e9quilibrage permet d\u2019\u00e9viter la surcharge ou la d\u00e9charge excessive des cellules de la batterie et de r\u00e9duire les risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, tels que l\u2019emballement thermique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. M\u00e9thode d'\u00e9quilibrage des batteries<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ce qui suit pr\u00e9sente principalement la fonction d'\u00e9quilibrage du BMS. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette fonction, les diff\u00e9rences entre les cellules de la batterie sont r\u00e9duites, ce qui permet d'augmenter la capacit\u00e9 disponible du pack de batteries. Actuellement, les principales m\u00e9thodes d'\u00e9quilibrage utilis\u00e9es sont l'\u00e9quilibrage passif (par dissipation d'\u00e9nergie) et l'\u00e9quilibrage actif (sans dissipation d'\u00e9nergie, par transfert d'\u00e9nergie).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il existe deux principales m\u00e9thodes d'\u00e9quilibrage des batteries\u00a0: l'\u00e9quilibrage actif et l'\u00e9quilibrage passif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9quilibrage actif\u00a0: L\u2019\u00e9quilibrage actif est une technologie qui permet d\u2019\u00e9quilibrer la tension entre les cellules d\u2019une batterie par transfert d\u2019\u00e9nergie. Il assure un \u00e9quilibrage plus pr\u00e9cis en transf\u00e9rant l\u2019\u00e9nergie d\u2019une cellule de capacit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure vers une cellule de capacit\u00e9 inf\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce transfert peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des technologies telles que les condensateurs et les transformateurs. Lors de la charge, si une cellule atteint en premier la limite sup\u00e9rieure de tension de fonctionnement, le syst\u00e8me de gestion de batterie (BMS) identifiera cette cellule ayant la capacit\u00e9 la plus faible et transf\u00e9rera de l'\u00e9nergie de la batterie haute tension vers la batterie basse tension via le circuit d'\u00e9quilibrage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avantages : utilisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00e9lev\u00e9e, vitesse d'\u00e9quilibrage rapide et am\u00e9lioration des performances globales de la batterie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inconv\u00e9nients : algorithme de contr\u00f4le complexe et co\u00fbt de production \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9quilibrage passif\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Principe : En consommant de l'\u00e9nergie, l'\u00e9nergie exc\u00e9dentaire des cellules de batterie haute tension ou haute capacit\u00e9 est dissip\u00e9e sous forme d'\u00e9nergie thermique, r\u00e9duisant ainsi leur tension et leur capacit\u00e9 et assurant un \u00e9quilibre entre les cellules de la batterie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'\u00e9quilibrage passif (ou \u00e9quilibrage de la dissipation d'\u00e9nergie) est obtenu en shuntant la r\u00e9sistance parall\u00e8le de la batterie. L'\u00e9nergie de la batterie la plus charg\u00e9e du pack est absorb\u00e9e par cette r\u00e9sistance parall\u00e8le afin d'\u00e9quilibrer le syst\u00e8me avec les autres batteries du groupe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'\u00e9quilibrage passif classique s'effectue comme suit\u00a0: la tension de chaque batterie est mesur\u00e9e \u00e0 l'extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 haute ou basse de son \u00e9tat de charge (SOC). Lorsque la tension de certaines batteries d\u00e9passe la tension moyenne du pack, le temps d'\u00e9quilibrage estim\u00e9 est calcul\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la diff\u00e9rence de tension ou de l'\u00e9cart de SOC de chaque batterie. La r\u00e9sistance parall\u00e8le de ces batteries \u00e0 haute \u00e9nergie est alors activ\u00e9e, ce qui permet de dissiper une partie de leur \u00e9nergie et d'\u00e9quilibrer ainsi l'ensemble du pack.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avantages : mise en \u0153uvre simple et faible co\u00fbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inconv\u00e9nients\u00a0: pertes d\u2019\u00e9nergie importantes, vitesse d\u2019\u00e9quilibrage lente et risque de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de chaleur pouvant entra\u00eener une augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature de la batterie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Processus d'\u00e9quilibrage de la batterie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Le processus d'\u00e9quilibrage des batteries comprend g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les \u00e9tapes suivantes\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e9tection : D\u00e9tecter la tension, le courant, la temp\u00e9rature et d'autres param\u00e8tres de chaque cellule de la batterie via le BMS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jugement\u00a0: D\u00e9terminer s\u2019il existe des diff\u00e9rences entre les cellules de la batterie et, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, le degr\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rence en fonction des r\u00e9sultats de la d\u00e9tection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Effectuer l'\u00e9quilibrage\u00a0: S\u00e9lectionnez la m\u00e9thode d'\u00e9quilibrage appropri\u00e9e en fonction des r\u00e9sultats de l'analyse et proc\u00e9dez \u00e0 l'\u00e9quilibrage. Pour un \u00e9quilibrage actif, il peut \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire de calculer pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la quantit\u00e9 d'\u00e9nergie transf\u00e9r\u00e9e par l'algorithme de contr\u00f4le\u00a0; pour un \u00e9quilibrage passif, il peut \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire de contr\u00f4ler les temps d'activation et de d\u00e9sactivation de l'interrupteur afin de dissiper l'\u00e9nergie exc\u00e9dentaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Surveillance : Surveiller en continu les variations des param\u00e8tres des cellules de la batterie pendant le processus d'\u00e9quilibrage afin de garantir l'efficacit\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l'op\u00e9ration d'\u00e9quilibrage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fin de l'\u00e9quilibrage\u00a0: lorsque la diff\u00e9rence entre les cellules de la batterie atteint le seuil d\u00e9fini, l'op\u00e9ration d'\u00e9quilibrage est termin\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Pr\u00e9cautions pour l'\u00e9quilibrage de la batterie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9lectionnez la m\u00e9thode d'\u00e9quilibrage appropri\u00e9e\u00a0: S\u00e9lectionnez la m\u00e9thode d'\u00e9quilibrage appropri\u00e9e en fonction de la situation r\u00e9elle et des exigences de performance du bloc-batterie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contr\u00f4lez la vitesse et le degr\u00e9 d'\u00e9quilibrage\u00a0: \u00e9vitez d'endommager les cellules de la batterie ou de d\u00e9grader ses performances en raison d'une vitesse ou d'un degr\u00e9 d'\u00e9quilibrage excessif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Surveillance des param\u00e8tres de la batterie\u00a0: Surveillez en continu les variations de param\u00e8tres tels que la tension, le courant et la temp\u00e9rature des cellules de la batterie pendant le processus d\u2019\u00e9quilibrage afin de garantir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019\u00e9quilibrage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e9vention de l'accumulation de chaleur\u00a0: Pour les m\u00e9thodes d'\u00e9quilibrage passif, des mesures doivent \u00eatre prises pour pr\u00e9venir l'accumulation de chaleur susceptible d'entra\u00eener une augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature du bloc-batterie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Why do we need to balance? Due to the differences in battery use process and materials, as well as the differences in temperature, humidity and other environments during the actual use of the battery, there are differences in the SOC of the single cells in the battery pack. 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Due to the differences in battery use process and materials, as well as the differences in temperature, humidity and other environments during the actual use of the battery, there are differences in the SOC of the single cells in the battery pack. 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