{"id":1671,"date":"2024-11-01T17:10:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T09:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bosaenergy.cn\/?p=1671"},"modified":"2025-12-24T17:12:34","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T09:12:34","slug":"metodos-de-equilibrado-de-baterias-y-sus-ventajas-y-desventajas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bosaenergy.cn\/es\/battery-balancing-methods-and-their-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9todos de equilibrado de bater\u00edas: sus ventajas y desventajas."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 necesitamos el equilibrio?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Debido a las diferencias en el proceso de uso y los materiales de las bater\u00edas, as\u00ed como a las variaciones de temperatura, humedad y otros factores ambientales durante su uso, existen diferencias en el estado de carga (SOC) de las celdas individuales del paquete de bater\u00edas. Esta diferencia en el SOC se refleja claramente en los distintos voltajes de las bater\u00edas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suponiendo que el estado de carga (SOC) de una bater\u00eda en el paquete de bater\u00edas sea mayor que el de otras celdas, esta bater\u00eda se cargar\u00e1 completamente primero durante el proceso de carga, lo que provocar\u00e1 que la carga de otras celdas se detenga antes de alcanzar la capacidad nominal; de manera similar, suponiendo que el SOC de una bater\u00eda sea menor que el de otras celdas, alcanzar\u00e1 primero el voltaje de corte de descarga durante el proceso de descarga, lo que provocar\u00e1 que otras celdas tengan capacidad residual que no se puede liberar;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por lo tanto, podemos concluir que las bater\u00edas son diferentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Definici\u00f3n e importancia del equilibrio de la bater\u00eda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Definici\u00f3n: El equilibrado de bater\u00edas se refiere al uso de tecnolog\u00edas y m\u00e9todos espec\u00edficos para lograr que cada celda de la bater\u00eda en el paquete de bater\u00edas alcance un estado relativamente uniforme en cuanto a voltaje, capacidad y estado, mejorando as\u00ed el rendimiento y la vida \u00fatil de todo el paquete de bater\u00edas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Importancia: Mejora del rendimiento del paquete de bater\u00edas: Mediante el equilibrado, se puede evitar la degradaci\u00f3n del rendimiento de todo el paquete de bater\u00edas causada por la degradaci\u00f3n del rendimiento de cada bater\u00eda individual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prolongar la vida \u00fatil de la bater\u00eda: El equilibrado puede reducir las diferencias de voltaje y capacidad entre las celdas de la bater\u00eda, disminuir la resistencia interna de la misma y, por lo tanto, prolongar su vida \u00fatil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mejora de la seguridad: El equilibrado puede prevenir la sobrecarga o la descarga excesiva de las celdas de la bater\u00eda y reducir el riesgo de peligros para la seguridad, como el sobrecalentamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. M\u00e9todo de equilibrado de bater\u00edas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, se presenta principalmente la funci\u00f3n de balanceo del BMS. Mediante esta funci\u00f3n, se reduce la inconsistencia entre las celdas de la bater\u00eda y se incrementa la capacidad disponible del paquete de bater\u00edas. Actualmente, los principales m\u00e9todos de balanceo utilizados son el balanceo pasivo (balanceo por disipaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda) y el balanceo activo (balanceo sin disipaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda, balanceo por transferencia de energ\u00eda).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existen dos m\u00e9todos principales para equilibrar las bater\u00edas: el equilibrio activo y el equilibrio pasivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Balanceo activo: El balanceo activo es una tecnolog\u00eda que logra el equilibrio de voltaje entre las celdas de la bater\u00eda mediante la transferencia de energ\u00eda. Consigue un balanceo m\u00e1s preciso transfiriendo energ\u00eda de una celda con mayor capacidad a otra con menor capacidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta transferencia se puede lograr mediante tecnolog\u00edas como condensadores y transformadores. Durante el proceso de carga, si una celda alcanza primero el l\u00edmite superior de la tensi\u00f3n de funcionamiento, el BMS identificar\u00e1 la celda con menor capacidad y transferir\u00e1 energ\u00eda de la bater\u00eda de alta tensi\u00f3n a la de baja tensi\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s del circuito de balanceo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ventajas: alta utilizaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda, r\u00e1pida velocidad de equilibrado y mejora del rendimiento general del paquete de bater\u00edas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desventajas: algoritmo de control complejo y alto coste de producci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Equilibrio pasivo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Principio: Al consumir energ\u00eda, el exceso de energ\u00eda en las celdas de bater\u00eda de alto voltaje o alta capacidad se disipa en forma de energ\u00eda t\u00e9rmica, reduciendo as\u00ed su voltaje y capacidad y logrando un equilibrio entre las celdas de la bater\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El equilibrio pasivo (equilibrio de disipaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda) se logra derivando la resistencia en paralelo de la bater\u00eda individual. La energ\u00eda de la bater\u00eda con mayor nivel de carga en el paquete se consume a trav\u00e9s de la resistencia en paralelo para lograr el equilibrio con las dem\u00e1s bater\u00edas del grupo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El balanceo pasivo t\u00edpico se implementa de la siguiente manera: se mide el voltaje de cada bater\u00eda individual en el extremo superior o inferior del estado de carga (SOC). Cuando el voltaje de algunas bater\u00edas individuales supera el voltaje promedio del paquete de bater\u00edas, se calcula el tiempo estimado de balanceo en funci\u00f3n de la diferencia de voltaje o la diferencia de SOC individual, y luego se activa la resistencia en paralelo de estas bater\u00edas de alta energ\u00eda, de modo que parte de su energ\u00eda se consume en la resistencia en paralelo, y finalmente se logra el balanceo de todo el grupo de bater\u00edas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ventajas: implementaci\u00f3n sencilla y bajo coste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desventajas: gran p\u00e9rdida de energ\u00eda, velocidad de equilibrado lenta y posible generaci\u00f3n de calor que provoque un aumento de la temperatura del paquete de bater\u00edas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Proceso de equilibrado de la bater\u00eda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El proceso de equilibrado de la bater\u00eda generalmente incluye los siguientes pasos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Detecci\u00f3n: Detecta el voltaje, la corriente, la temperatura y otros par\u00e1metros de cada celda de la bater\u00eda en el paquete de bater\u00edas a trav\u00e9s del BMS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Criterio de valoraci\u00f3n: Determinar si existen diferencias entre las celdas de la bater\u00eda y el grado de diferencia en funci\u00f3n de los resultados de la detecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Realizar el balanceo: Seleccione el m\u00e9todo de balanceo apropiado seg\u00fan los resultados del an\u00e1lisis y realice la operaci\u00f3n. Para el balanceo activo, puede ser necesario calcular con precisi\u00f3n la cantidad de energ\u00eda transferida mediante el algoritmo de control; para el balanceo pasivo, puede ser necesario controlar el tiempo de encendido y apagado del interruptor para consumir el exceso de energ\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monitorizaci\u00f3n: Monitorizar continuamente los cambios en los par\u00e1metros de las celdas de la bater\u00eda durante el proceso de equilibrado para garantizar la eficacia y la seguridad de la operaci\u00f3n de equilibrado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fin del balanceo: Cuando la diferencia entre las celdas de la bater\u00eda alcanza el umbral establecido, finaliza la operaci\u00f3n de balanceo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Precauciones para el equilibrio de la bater\u00eda<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Seleccione el m\u00e9todo de equilibrado adecuado: Seleccione el m\u00e9todo de equilibrado adecuado seg\u00fan la situaci\u00f3n real y los requisitos de rendimiento del paquete de bater\u00edas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Controla la velocidad y el grado de equilibrado: Evita da\u00f1os en las celdas de la bater\u00eda o la degradaci\u00f3n del rendimiento debido a una velocidad o un grado de equilibrado excesivos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Supervise los par\u00e1metros de la bater\u00eda: Supervise continuamente los cambios en par\u00e1metros como el voltaje, la corriente y la temperatura de las celdas de la bater\u00eda durante el proceso de equilibrado para garantizar la seguridad y la eficacia de la operaci\u00f3n de equilibrado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prevenci\u00f3n de la acumulaci\u00f3n de calor: En los m\u00e9todos de equilibrado pasivo, es necesario tomar medidas para evitar la acumulaci\u00f3n de calor que podr\u00eda provocar un aumento de la temperatura del paquete de bater\u00edas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Why do we need to balance? Due to the differences in battery use process and materials, as well as the differences in temperature, humidity and other environments during the actual use of the battery, there are differences in the SOC of the single cells in the battery pack. 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